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Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) supplies livelihoods and critical minerals but has been linked to conflict and environmental degradation. We enable monitoring of this largely informal sector by creating high-resolution maps of ASM's footprint …

We present six harmonized RCTs to assess whether removing bureaucratic hurdles can encourage individuals to engage with the state formally in six countries in the Global South. Recent work has argued that the trade-offs inherent to formalization are …